Powering the Future: H&P’s Drilling Innovations with JT Brady

00:00:03 Speaker 1
Welcome to the Energy Pipeline Podcast with your host, KC Yost. Tune in each week to learn more about industry issues, tools, and resources to streamline and modernize the future of the industry. Whether you work in oil and gas or bring a unique perspective, this podcast is your knowledge transfer hub. Welcome to the Energy Pipeline.

00:00:26 KC Yost
Hello everyone, and welcome to this episode of the Energy Pipeline Podcast. Today's topic is Powering the Future: H&P's Drilling Innovations with our guest and my most recent best old friend, direct from Tulsa, Oklahoma, JT Brady, Senior Manager of the FlexRig Support Department at Helmerich & Payne, which is where you get the H&P. So welcome to the Energy Pipeline Podcast, JT.

00:00:52 JT Brady
Hi KC. Thanks for having me.

00:00:54 KC Yost
Ah, glad you're on the line. I'm anxious to learn more about drilling, like you and I talked about. I'm a pipeliner, so everything that you teach me today is going to be brand new for me. I'm really looking forward to the conversation. So do me a favor right off the bat, since we've already admitted that I know nothing about this. What is a FlexRig?

00:01:16 JT Brady
So a FlexRig is the name that we give our drilling rigs. So today they're known as FlexRig 3s, FlexRig 5s, different classes of rig, but essentially it's our flagship drilling rig.

00:01:30 KC Yost
Okay. So is it called Flex because it can be broken down and articulate and that type of thing? Why is it called Flex?

00:01:38 JT Brady
That's a great question, KC. I think there's some different theories on that, but that's as good a theory as anything else. They are flexible. They were originally designed to be able to move very quickly, but as we'll talk about in today's conversation, they're great at adapting to today's well challenges.

00:01:55 KC Yost
Super. Okay, good. We got that out of the way. I just wanted to get that cleared up before we went any further. So now that we've got that taken care of, let's talk about you. All right. You're a Tulsa boy through and through. Born and raised, went off to school, came back, all that kind of thing. Tell us more about you, okay? Please.

00:02:16 JT Brady
Yeah, you bet. You bet. So I really started in the oil and gas industry when I was nine years old.

00:02:21 KC Yost
Really?

00:02:22 JT Brady
I know that sounds funny, but I worked in my dad's shop. We had a welding and fabrication shop. We built metering stations and approvers, things like that for the pipeline industry and pipeline companies at that time. I worked on and off out there really all the way until I left for college.

00:02:42 KC Yost
So before you go past that, what were you doing out there? Were you doing the X-raying to make sure that the welds were good at nine years old?

00:02:49 JT Brady
Well, I think I had a really unique skill set.

00:02:52 KC Yost
Sorry, sorry, sorry to the NDT guys out there. That was a bad joke. Okay, go ahead. All right.

00:02:58 JT Brady
Yeah, I had a unique skill set and I was pretty naive and also physically pretty small so I could fit in the pipeline and go retrieve, drop the taps and dyes and spray coatings, things like that. So again, it was kind of the era that we were in at the time, but that's kind of how I came up.

00:03:16 KC Yost
Well, I would tell you that I had a father and a grandfather that took advantage of my size as well on more than one occasion out in the field. But go ahead. Go ahead now.

00:03:25 JT Brady
Yeah. So speaking of grandfathers, my grandfather was a chemical engineer for Warren Petroleum.

00:03:32 KC Yost
Nice.

00:03:33 JT Brady
Which later became gold Gulf Oil. So I guess I'm third generation into this industry. But anyway, I left for college. I got a mechanical engineering degree. Right out of college I started working for a engineering firm that did design work for, we'll just say a very large retailer based in Northwest Arkansas.

00:03:57 KC Yost
You're not going to put your back up against the wall, are you?

00:04:00 JT Brady
Right, right. I had roughneck for H&P as a summer job for several summers. I really wasn't looking at it necessarily as a career at that time. It was just a great summer job to have. But anyway, I decided I wanted to do something different and called H&P up, and the timing worked out perfectly. So I came on to work full-time with them. This would've been in 2005. So I moved back to Tulsa and was working as an operations engineer. A little bit later, I had a chance to move to West Texas where I was a drilling engineer. And then a little bit after that, I had another opportunity to become a drilling superintendent out in California. So we moved out there and had a great time. It's very interesting work drilling wells in Elk Hills, California and some of the surrounding oil fields.

00:04:52 KC Yost
Right.

00:04:52 JT Brady
At the... Go ahead.

00:04:54 KC Yost
I was just going to ask, where in West Texas were you headquartered?

00:04:58 JT Brady
We weren't in Odessa at that time. We were in a little town called Sonora drilling wells probably a couple hours from Midland Odessa area.

00:05:06 KC Yost
Sure. There you go. There you go. I spent a lot of time in Pecos.

00:05:10 JT Brady
Yeah.

00:05:11 KC Yost
I know where you are. All right.

00:05:12 JT Brady
Okay, great.

00:05:13 KC Yost
Sorry, go ahead. So California and then you ended up back in Tulsa?

00:05:17 JT Brady
Well, I had another stop back in Texas between there. So moved to South Texas where I had a chance to open up an operation for H&P in the Eagle Ford. So was an operations manager down there for a number of years. And then in 2016 I did move back to Tulsa. Since that time, I've worked in just various different roles supporting operations. It's mostly been on the maintenance side, had a little time in supply chain, but today I'm back in our maintenance department. And a couple years ago we started up sort of a singular focus on power systems. And so today, among other things, I get to work with Caterpillar, I get to work with our internal teams, our engineering department, and of course our customers working on these custom power solutions.

00:06:05 KC Yost
Sweet, sweet. Sounds like you're really quite well-rounded in the industry. So you're the man that knows, you're the subject matter expert.

00:06:16 JT Brady
Well, it's been a lot of fun. It's been a great experience.

00:06:20 KC Yost
Good, good, good. Can you do an elevator speech on H&P? I know we're going to talk about them during the discussion, but just an umbrella overview if you would.

00:06:30 JT Brady
Sure. We're the largest drilling contractor in the world. We're unique in that we build our own drilling rigs and we operate them. So we've got operations... we're still primarily a US land driller, but we're also international. We also have an offshore segment, so we've been around for over a hundred years. So it's a great place to work. It's a great company.

00:06:57 KC Yost
Oh, good. Excellent, excellent. So speaking of H&P, what are their top priorities for staying competitive and driving success in the industry? I mean, you started in 1920, right? So like you said, over a hundred years, so what's your secret sauce? What's your priorities and what drives you guys?

00:07:20 JT Brady
Right. I think that's really summed up well in our mission statement and that's we safely provide performance driven drilling solutions. We're a performance driven company, KC. You can see that. And if you go out to one of our rig sites, if you go into one of our offices, everyone in the company has this performance drive to them. Safety is another aspect of that. It's not just a priority here. It's baked into our culture. So everything that we do has that mindset overarching all of that. And what we've found over the years, our secret sauce, if you will, is being able to partner with our customers. So we're not just a service provider just doing something just off on the side for them. We partner with them and help them drill their wells as efficiently and safely, as fast as possible. And when you look at it, if you look at the number of wells we drill in one year, that's more wells than the top five oil and gas operators combined. So we know these areas, we know these areas inside and out. We know these wells and we leverage that experience and expertise with our customers.

00:08:29 KC Yost
So you said that you partner with your customers. Do you partner with your suppliers like Caterpillar as well to try to contribute toward these goals and priorities?

00:08:43 JT Brady
Yeah, absolutely we do.

00:08:45 KC Yost
Shout out to my sponsor. Okay, go ahead. Thank you.

00:08:50 JT Brady
Yeah, absolutely we do. So Caterpillar, we're known in the industry as having the best iron out there, the best iron available in the world. Now we have a small percentage of our fleet that's tied into utility power. But aside from that, every bit of that iron is powered by Caterpillar engines.

00:09:07 KC Yost
Really?

00:09:08 JT Brady
That's a partnership that goes back for decades. We've worked with them. We're proud to have Caterpillar on our rigs. I know they're proud to be out there.

00:09:16 KC Yost
Yeah. My oh my. So you guys have been using them for decades?

00:09:21 JT Brady
Way before my time.

00:09:22 KC Yost
Yeah. Excellent. So how does H&P differentiate itself in the oil and gas industry in terms of innovation and operational efficiency? I know you touched on that a little bit, but let's dig down a little bit deeper there.

00:09:37 JT Brady
Yeah, you bet. So there's really a couple ways we do this or a couple things come to mind at least. And the first and foremost is our FlexRigs that I talked about, and that's the standardized rig fleet, and that's really what we're known for. Doesn't matter the rig class, when you look at our rigs, they're made up of the same assets, the same components. So we run the same engines, like I just mentioned, on every rig. We run the same mud pumps, the same top drives. So what that allows us to do is we can scale up or scale down our rig fleet based on the market conditions. We can move employees, crews from rig to rig, we can move rigs from region to region, and there's no learning curve. They know the equipment and they know how to operate on it on day one. The other thing we do is, and I mentioned this, we build and operate these own rigs. So we have this saying around here that we have to sleep in the bed we make. So we want to make a good bed. So as a result of that, we have a lot of operations and a lot of engineering feedback that goes into all of our designs. And then the other way that I think we're different is our support structure. So we've got just outstanding maintenance technicians, we've got incredible overhaul facilities. We have a real time center here in Tulsa that's staffed 24/7, where we've got people ready to help troubleshooting, ready to help troubleshoot any issue that comes up. So our folks out there on the rig when they're working on an issue or a problem, they're not out there alone. There's literally an entire team there to support them.

00:11:09 KC Yost
That's interesting because when I do drive out, and again pipelining, I will build some gathering lines and I will look at different rigs out there and this, that and the other, but the idea of you standardizing the equipment on the rig so that the crew can go from rig to rig to rig to rig, and it'd all be the same, to me is a masterful idea and very similar, if you will, to what Southwest Airlines does. I mean, they fly 737s, 737s and 737s for that very reason. You can plug and play different ground crews, different... all of the gates can be set to the same height. You don't have to worry about maintenance because all of the maintenance guys know the same routines. It's the same logic. You've just applied it in the oil field. Right?

00:12:05 JT Brady
Absolutely. And we use that example a lot. So we're very familiar with how Southwest did it with the Boeing 737, and that model is very, very similar to what we're doing.

00:12:16 KC Yost
Super, super. So you've been in the industry for a while. I've been in the industry for 50 years, and there are always trends happening in the industry. So what trends do you see in the drilling industry now and are they having an impact on how you handle your power systems?

00:12:41 JT Brady
They are. They are. And so a couple trends come to mind, and especially as it relates to power systems. And one would just be the longer laterals, the horizontal sections that are being drilled today. You go back just a number of years ago and it was common to drill a lateral section that might be a mile or two miles long. Today those are pushing four miles, five miles, even six miles. It's incredible what's happening in the downhole space. But up on the surface where the rig is, that takes an enormous amount of additional power to drill those extended lengths. So as a result, nearly every one of our rigs today has four generator sits on it as compared to several years ago when three was the norm. So that's been an additional trend. The other thing that I think we're seeing more and more of is just this interest or this shift from diesel fuel as a primary fuel to more natural gas. And we've seen that on the frack side for a little while now. It's making its way into drilling to where today that's a pretty common request we get from a customer like, "Hey, H&P, help us use more of this natural gas that we have." And that can be driven from either an emissions goal or a fuel savings goal. There's a number of reasons behind that, but there's definitely a trend to more natural gas.

00:14:08 KC Yost
I gotcha. I gotcha. So can you describe how the drilling site has changed for the better and what products or systems are supporting the growth of this operation's efficiency that you were talking about?

00:14:23 JT Brady
I can. Today, drilling has moved from, say, the exploratory type wells to more of a development or a manufacturing process, if you will. And just like manufacturing, a lot of the processes behind that can now be applied to drilling. So you see a lot of planning, a lot of logistics, just really getting streamlined. The downhole tools that I mentioned earlier that have enabled these longer laterals, they're just so much better understood. The directional drilling is so accurate. What that has done is it's reduced the amount of unplanned trips. Now, when I say that, what I mean is when you have to pull all the drill pipe out of the hole to, say, change a drill bit or put a different directional component in the drill stream. So less trips means less exposure for our rig crews, it means lower emissions, and ultimately it means a faster well cycle. A couple of the other things that come to mind there would be what we call safety by design. And that goes into the design of our rigs. Because we've designed and built our own rigs, we can make changes as we need to. So let's say there's an incident and maybe somebody gets... let's say there's an injury on it, okay, we can go do an investigation, figure out what happened, and if there's a way that we can make the rig safer by an engineering control, we can incorporate that not just on that rig, but the entire rig fleet. So that's a huge advantage that we have. And again, it comes back to that standardized rig fleet.

00:15:57 KC Yost
Sure.

00:15:58 JT Brady
And then the last thing I would say is it's a quality of life aspect that we're focusing on today. So for those that aren't familiar with drilling operations, our rig crews, they go out to work. They're on the rig for two weeks at a time away from their families, away from their everyday life. So we want to make that environment as comfortable as we can. So we're renovating crew quarters this year, we're adding broadband WiFi for their time off that they can do that kind of stuff. So really looking at how can we improve the quality of life for our rig crews and our technicians.

00:16:37 KC Yost
So two questions there. What is the typical crew shift? They work two weeks, one week off? They work 12-hour shifts. What's the typical crew schedule?

00:16:53 JT Brady
Yeah, that's correct. So in a typical US land operation, our rig crews are going to go out there for 14 days on, then they'll have 14 days off. They'll work what we call a tower, a shift. So the tower is 12 hours, so they'll typically work from 6: 00 A.M. to 6:00 P.M. and then they'll go off and the night crew will come on and they'll work from 6: 00 P.M. to 6:00 a.m the next day, and 14 days later, they change out and a new crew comes on.

00:17:21 KC Yost
Not bad at all, not bad at all. When I was working offshore, we worked 10 and 5, so we worked 10 on and then 5 days off, and midnight to noon and noon to midnight were the two shifts. But this is very similar. The only thing is you don't have to worry about falling overboard and-

00:17:44 JT Brady
Right.

00:17:45 KC Yost
...meeting the sharks.

00:17:46 JT Brady
Yeah, no. Along that point, one of the things, another benefit from that standardized fleet is when it comes time to move a rig, we can bring guys in that work on a different rig and they want to work a couple days on their days off, maybe they live close enough where that's an easy thing for them to do. They'll come out, help us move the rig. It's not their home rig, so to speak, but they know the equipment, they can help.

00:18:12 KC Yost
Right. Excellent. Excellent. Second question, guidance. Guidance. Again, pipeliner, when we do directional drilling, of course it's not near as sophisticated of what you do, but it was born out of what you guys did back in the early eighties and all of that. We have GPS guidance in the cutting head to know where we are as we're doing the work. Is that the same technique that you guys use, have a GPS transponder that lets you know X, Y, and Z where the cutting head is, so the operator knows where you are?

00:18:53 JT Brady
More or less yes, that's correct. And there has been an enormous amount of technology at H&P put into downhole digital technology. So we do have a bit guidance system. We developed what we call FlexApps that pair with our FlexRigs. So they do things like that. They tell the driller and the directional driller exactly where that bit is at all times. We even have some technology that can correct the surveys that they take based on precisely where that bit is and how the magnetic north and true north are slightly different. So they make those corrections. So there's an enormous amount of technology in that space.

00:19:35 KC Yost
Right. Gotcha. Gotcha. I mean, back when we were doing this initially back in the eighties and early nineties, we allowed ourselves 20 feet left, 20 feet right as far as the accuracy, and now it's down to inches left and inches right. So I'm sure your technology is as tight or tighter than what ours is, but good, good. Well, now that I've taken you off on a tangent like that, I appreciate it. Let me reel myself back in and start talking about power sources again. You mentioned it earlier about some of your customers wanting you to look at natural gas as a power source instead of diesel and that type of thing. So what power sources are you typically running into when it comes to this type of work? Gasification, liquefaction, all of that kind of stuff as well?

00:20:29 JT Brady
Right, right. I can't say that at H&P we've tried every single thing out there. There's a lot of options out there today, but we have done most of them. So obviously we have diesel engines, we also have natural gas engines, we have dual fuel engines, we've got battery storage systems, we have rigs tied into utility power. Every one of our rigs is running an engine management system, so it minimizes an engine running that doesn't need to be running so we don't have these excess power that we're making. So we have a lot of different options out there. What's been fun is Caterpillar's been involved with nearly every one of them, so-

00:21:17 KC Yost
Excellent.

00:21:18 JT Brady
We've done a lot of projects together, like very recent projects where Caterpillar and H&P are in the same meeting with our customers. The three parties are working on a power solution together. So it's been a great partnership.

00:21:33 KC Yost
Super, super deal. Super deal. So now we talked about the collaboration with the customers, we talked about collaboration with vendors like Caterpillar. So now you're trying to manage and balance financial discipline with the need for innovation and upgrades. You've got environmental concerns and all of that going on at one time, everything pulling you in different directions. So how does H&P manage to balance all of that?

00:22:04 JT Brady
Right. Really for the most part, we've been able to pool the assets we already own to hydrate our rig fleet. So at one point in my career, we had over 300 rigs working in US land. Today, that number, we'll call it between 150 and 160 rigs. What's fascinating is those 150 to 160 rigs are drilling more footage today than those 300 rigs were, say, 10 years ago. But as a result of that, we have these assets that are idle and we can use them to hydrate our fleet. So we can add a third mud pump to a rig, we can add a fourth engine to a rig, and we don't have to go out and buy new equipment. So that's one way that we can upgrade our fleet and still manage financial discipline. The other thing that we're able to do is we've converted quite a few of our rigs to what we call walking rigs. So these FlexRigs were originally designed to be drilling on a single well on, say, one location, and when you finished, you would rig the rig down, move it to the next location and rig up and go again. What we have today is these multi-well pads, and the rig can actually walk itself from well to well. So it's pretty awesome to see that happen. But we're able to go convert a rig to a walking rig rather than go out and build a brand new rig from the ground up.

00:23:35 KC Yost
Good. Good. Excellent. Excellent. A couple of weeks ago, I had the pleasure of visiting with Steven Youssef over at Caterpillar, and we talked a lot about DGB, dynamics gas balancing. I learned a new term that time we were there. And he talked about his gen two system. Are you guys using that? I mean, you were talking about cost savings and financials and all of that. He was indicating that you could basically bolt on a gen two to four different units for the price it would cost to buy a unit that already had the capabilities of the gen two from an efficiency, burning the different fuels and the emissions. Are you guys actually putting that to practice?

00:24:37 JT Brady
We are. So for your listeners, if they didn't catch that episode yet, DGB, like you said, it's an acronym. It means dynamic gas blending or dynamic gas balancing. Essentially what you're doing is you're putting some natural gas in with the diesel and putting it into the diesel engine and it works. It's incredible. You wouldn't think it would, but a diesel engine will work that way. By the flip side, it doesn't work the other way. I remember putting diesel in an old gasoline work truck one time, and that ended horribly for that truck. But anyway.

00:25:15 KC Yost
Well, frankly, it also applies to gases as well. I mean, the burner tip on certain BTU levels requires an adjustment to other BTU levels, and the burner tip that you use on propane can't be the same as the burner tip you use on natural gas. So this doesn't do propane, but the idea is that you have to have that flexibility. This is plug and play, isn't it?

00:25:43 JT Brady
It is. So yeah, just kind of going back to the DGB idea, what it does.

00:25:50 KC Yost
Sorry, go on.

00:25:50 JT Brady
Yeah, no, it's fine. What it does is it gives flexibility to our customers, and they may fully intend to use diesel and natural gas, but maybe something happened and they weren't able to get the gas lines ran to the location in time for us to start drilling. No big deal. We just drill on diesel. Okay. Maybe the swing in diesel price and natural gas price, that margin in between gets greater and we want to use more gas. We're already set up to do it. So it's been a great benefit. When we first saw those DGB and dual fuel systems come out a number of years ago. Now, the gen two model that Caterpillar is releasing sort of blows the water off of those systems. It comes at a great time for us. We own over a thousand Caterpillar 3512C engines, which this kit is designed to go onto.

00:26:45 KC Yost
I'm sorry, a thousand?

00:26:47 JT Brady
That's correct.

00:26:47 KC Yost
Okay.

00:26:47 JT Brady
It goes back to that 300 plus drilling rigs and that new build cycle from the early 2000s. So we have these engines. We now have a kit that we can install on that engine. It makes the most sense to install it while you're... It's not something you would go do in the field, for example. So we're choosing to install those during an overhaul. We just happen to be right in the middle of a pretty massive engine overhaul cycle. So the timing is working out perfect. And you mentioned the cost. What we've seen is it roughly follows that 80-20 rule. We're getting basically 80% of the natural gas engine savings for roughly 20% of the cost. Now, that doesn't always... you can't necessarily go back into the price of the kit from just that rule, but it gives you kind of the idea, and your previous guest alluded to the same thing. The other thing, in addition to just an incredible improvement in diesel displacement that we see, is they really solved the emissions problem that these earlier dual fuel engines had. And what I mean by that is, a certain amount of the natural gas or the methane that goes into the engine doesn't get combusted and goes out the tailpipe. What that does is it obviously negatively impacts your greenhouse gas emissions. So that was one of the criteria when they were designing this engine, is to improve the greenhouse gas emissions aspect of it, and they've done that, and so it's really a winner on all fronts.

00:28:26 KC Yost
Do you have some success stories or example of how H&P addresses the industry challenges, especially around the use of the Cat gen two?

00:28:43 JT Brady
We do. We do. Yeah. We were able to start talking to Caterpillar, gosh, it's probably been two years ago when this idea was just a concept. And so working with them over that timeframe to kind of see this thing be developed, and before it was commercially released, it was still in its prototype form. We participated in what they call a field follow program. So we'd take a couple of these prototype engines and put them on a couple of our drilling rigs. Caterpillar needs some runtime, and we've got the place to do that. So it's again, that partnership. So we put a couple of these prototype engines out there, and we've been running them the better part of this year. And what's been interesting is both of those rigs are using different gas sources, but they're both just seeing just really, really positive fuel savings. It's really been a great story. So we're really excited about this product. H&P is going to be or is investing in this technology, and we're going to be able to start delivering these engines to our customers by the end of the year.

00:29:57 KC Yost
Sweet, sweet, sweet. Well, we're starting to run out of time, but I do want to talk about future innovations. What do you see is going to change how drilling operations operate and where do you contribute to that?

00:30:14 JT Brady
Right. I think the trends that we talked about earlier, they're going to continue to evolve and mature the lateral. I don't think we've reached the technical limit yet, so that's going to be neat to see just where that lands. But you're already seeing different states really tighten down on their emissions requirements. So that's a challenge that we'll have to address. The DGB gen two kit is certainly a tool that we can use to help do that. Another aspect would be just the horizontal drilling. Now that in itself is not anything new, but what we're starting to see is that horizontal drilling spread out beyond just oil and gas. So we're seeing opportunities in geothermal wells, we're seeing opportunities to drill carbon capture wells and HMPs. We're involved in both of those types of projects. And then on the power system side, you're going to continue to see more utility power tie-ins. I think you're going to see further microgrid development. Even a concept that I think makes sense would be tying drilling rigs and frack crews, frack spreads into a microgrid. It's got a smart controller on it, so it's balancing the power loads between the different operations. So things like that I think can come to fruition over the next number of years.

00:31:43 KC Yost
It sounds like you're starting to get into AI already.

00:31:47 JT Brady
That's a part of it. Absolutely.

00:31:48 KC Yost
Sweet, sweet, sweet. Okay. Well, we've run over and I've enjoyed the conversation and really don't care, but I do want to offer, is there anything else you'd like to add before I go ahead and sign off?

00:32:02 JT Brady
Yeah, I'll be real quick. Today we're talking about a lot of technology, and that's exciting. It's fun for an engineer to come on like me and kind of nerd out about this stuff. It's exciting, but what I want to remember is that this technology is really out there to enable our rig crews, to keep those folks in mind, to keep them safe. It's really those guys that are doing this work. This technology doesn't do the work for them. It's our hardworking employees out there every day and the technicians that support them, the people behind that support them. So I want to give a shout-out to them and just thank them for what they do.

00:32:39 KC Yost
There you go. Shout-out to the crews and the support staff. Well done. Well, listen, man, thanks so much for your time. I enjoyed the heck out of this conversation and learned so much. I appreciate it.

00:32:52 JT Brady
Thank you, KC. I enjoyed it as well.

00:32:54 KC Yost
Good, good, good. So if anyone would like to learn more about H&P and their capabilities, you can find them on the web at helmerichpayne.com. That's H-E-L-M-E-R-I-C-H-P-A-Y-N-E. com, helmerichpayne.com. Okay. Thanks to all of you for tuning into this episode of the Energy Pipeline Podcast, sponsored by Caterpillar Oil & Gas. If you have any questions, comments, or other ideas for podcast topics, feel free to email me at kc.yost@oggn.com. I also want to thank my producer, Anastasia Willison-Duff, and everyone at the Oil and Gas Global Network for making this podcast possible. Find out more about other OGGN podcasts at oggn.com. This is KC Yost saying goodbye for now. Have a great week and keep inaudible.

00:33:45 Speaker 4
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